The Ritual, Cohesion and Charisma Lab

Rituals are a cross-cultural universal, found not only in religious contexts but in nearly every social domain. The role they play in fostering group bonds has long been recognized and has been a topic of interest since the early foundations of the social sciences. In recent years, researchers have sought to explore this topic systematically through empirical studies that allow theories to be tested and the psychological and cognitive factors involved to be identified.

Our research group is at the forefront of this field, particularly in investigating the effects of collective high arousal rituals on ingroup bonding and intergroup relations. We employ a diverse range of methods, including lab-based artificial rituals, field experiments, large cross-cultural surveys, and innovative socio-physiological measures. Our studies have been conducted in over 15 countries, providing a broad perspective on the universality and specificity of ritual effects.

We remain dedicated to advancing this line of research, constantly working to refine our methods and develop more robust empirical theories. By deepening our understanding of the role rituals play in group bonding, we aim to shed light on the complex dynamics of human social interaction and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in this fascinating area of study.

Secular gurus represent a modern manifestation of an ancient archetype, sharing traits with spiritual leaders but appealing to secular authority. Online platforms have allowed them to flourish and reach new audiences, fueled by populist movements and conspiratorial sentiment.
Our research group is actively exploring this phenomenon, combining quantitative and ethnographic methods to identify the key characteristics of secular gurus, such as claimed polymathic ability, self-aggrandizement, anti-establishment sentiment, conspiracy mongering, the cultivation of cult-like dynamics, deploying grievance narratives, claims of revolutionary theories and prescience, use of neologisms, pseudo-profound rhetoric, and profiteering. We are particularly interested in understanding the dynamics of the communities formed around these figures and the exploitation of parasocial bonds between gurus and their followers.

By examining these traits, the factors driving their rise, and the social dynamics at play, we aim to better understand and critically analyze the impact of secular gurus in the digital age. This emerging area of research holds significant potential for uncovering the mechanisms behind the formation and spread of guru-like movements in contemporary society.

Building upon our previous seven-country study conducted as part of the Freedom of Religious Belief Network Project (2021-2023), our research group is investigating the factors that contribute to the emergence of barrier-crossing leadership and its potential to reduce intergroup hostility in diverse religious contexts. We are exploring how shared religious experiences, group identification, and identity fusion can promote mutual understanding and respect across religious divides.

By employing multiple research methods, we aim to shed light on the key characteristics of shared experiences that foster support for barrier-crossing leadership and how these dynamics vary across different cultural and religious settings. Our goal is to inform the development of targeted interventions that harness the power of shared experiences to reduce intergroup conflict and promote intergroup and interfaith harmony. This line of research holds significant potential for advancing our understanding of the complex interplay between group identity, shared experiences, and leadership in shaping intergroup relations. Through our work, we hope to contribute evidence-based insights for policymakers and practitioners working to address the challenges of religious diversity and conflict in an increasingly interconnected world.